“This was the end. This was the sum total of hundreds of generations of building, of Torah, of piety, of freethinking, of Zionism, of Bundism, of struggles and of battles, of the hopes of an entire people – this empty desert I looked around me at what had been the Jews of Warsaw. I felt one hope, and I feel it now. May this sea of emptiness bubble and boil, may it cry out eternal
condemnation of the murderers and pilagers, may it be forever the shame of the civilized world which saw and heard and chose to remain silent”
B Goldstein (2005). Five Years in the Warsaw Ghetto: the stars bear witness
Oakland CA AK Press
Epigraph: Richards, A (2012). Witnessing the Death of Yiddish Language and Culture. Holes in the Doorposts in The Power of Witnessing edited by N Goodman and M Meyers. Routledge New York
London,
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